Abstract

*Monika Gupta(MD, DNB, PDFCG), Shalini Shah, Sumiti Gupta(MD) Sunita Singh(MD) Nisha Marwah(MD) and Rajeev Sen(MD)

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Acute leukemia comprises a heterogeneous group of conditions which differ in aetiology, pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms and prognosis. Assignment of lineage is critical in the diagnostic evaluation of acute leukemia, as treatment for acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia differs. The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the immunophenotypic profile of acute leukemia patient by flowcytometric methods. Material and Methods: A total of 58 new cases of acute leukemia patients constituted the study material. A detailed clinical history, examinations were done for all the patients. Cytomorphological analysis was done by examination of peripheral blood smears and bone marrow aspirate smears. Immunophenotyping was performed on 8 Color Flowcytometer BD FACS Canto II. Result: In our study FCA analysis in 58 cases of acute leukemia was done and compared with their morphological diagnosis. Cytomorphologically, 48.2% ALL and 51.8% AML cases were diagnosed which were classified according to FAB classification. On FCA, out of 28 cases of ALL 78.6% and 21.4% cases were diagnosed as B-ALL and T-ALL respectively while 30 (51.8%) cases were diagnosed as AML. Conclusion: Present study proved to be helpful in assigning correct lineage to leukemia cells and support the use of particular panel of CD markers as a better diagnostic tool after preliminary investigations. Although considered superior, flowcytometric analysis must always be performed in conjunction with cytomorphology.