Abstract

Usha, Kavyanjali Sharma*, Shailja Singh, Niladri, Ranjan Singh Rana, Sajjan Kumar Meena, Deepa Rani, J. K. Mishra, Rajosri Das

ABSTRACT

Background & Objective: Etiopathogenesis of allergic diseases is not known. Both genetic factors and environmental factors have been blamed for it. Immunodeficiency (ID) is also one of the factor. Aim of the present study was to find out prevalence of C3 andimmunoglobulin deficiency in patients presenting with asthma and or allergic rhinitis or urticaria. Material & Method: Serum immunoglobulins and complement C3 test were done by turbidometric method. Serum IgE test was done by ELISA method. Result: Total 58 cases of allergy and 20 healthy controls were studied. Serum IgE was elevated in all cases. In 43 cases (82.76%) all immunoglobulin and complements were normal. Partial C3 deficiency (pC3D) was present in 12.07% cases. Out of seven deficient cases, one case also had associated with IgAD in 28 years male and another one case (1.72%) was associated with IgGD. In 5 cases it was isolated C3 deficiency (8.62%). After C3D, another common ID was selective partial IgMD, which was detected in four cases (6.90 %). All immunodeficient patients also had recurrent respiratory tract infection in between allergic attack. In C3D four were females and three were males, while IgMD was more common in females and IgAD was seen only in male patient only, similarly IgGD was seen in adult male. Interpretation & Conclusion: Thus our study concludes that not only IgAD but C3D, IgMD and IgGD can also produce allergic diseases. Hence in every case of allergy, immunoglobulin and complement levels should be done. Intravenous immunoglobulin may benefit these patients.