Abstract

Dr. Muhammad Usman Faisal*, Dr. Imran Khan and Dr. Muhammad Aamir Javed

ABSTRACT

Major depression is a serious health problem that affects children, adolescents, adults and the elderly, most often in females. Traditional antidepressants have a high rate of therapeutic failure, with suicide being frequent during the beginning of treatment. This study was conducted in Allied hospital Faisalabad. Ketamine administered by diverse routes in sub-anesthetic doses and the inhalation of nitrous oxide have shown a sharp reduction of the indicators of major depression. The molecular mechanisms of action of these general México anesthetics have been very controversial and most of the studies involve the NMDA receptor, although there is new evidence pointing to non- NMDA receptors as an important part of the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine. Ketamine (intravenous, nasal, sublingual, oral, intramuscular, subcutaneous) results in a rapid and effective treatment for depression with few side effects. It is most frequently given as 0.5 mg/kg intravenous infusion, and the results are perceived few hours after its administration, lasting up to 2 weeks. Future knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms, the therapeutic results and the immediate and long-term side effects of ketamine and nitrous oxide guarantee the development.