Abstract

Dr. Amir Fadhil Al-Tu’ma*, Zuhair Mohammed Ali and Hadef Daffer Elyassin

ABSTRACT

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease arising through a complex interaction of both genetic and immunologic factors. Similar to the majority of autoimmune diseases, T1DM usually has a relapsing remitting disease course with autoantibody and T cellular responses to islet cell autoantigens, which precede the clinical onset of the disease process. The immunological diagnosis of autoimmune diseases relies primarily on the detection of autoantibodies in the serum of T1DM patients. Although their pathogenic significance remains uncertain, they have the practical advantage of serving as surrogate biomarkers for predicting the clinical onset of T1DM. Type 1 diabetes is a polygenic disease association with specific gene such as HLA gene with a large number of genes having high effects on T1DM pathogenesis. Risk of T1DM progression is conferred by specific allele of HLA gene (DQB1*0201). Objective: To investigate the molecular basis of gene encoding human leukocyte antigens DQB1*0201 allele and its association with T1DM and with various parameters in children of Kerbala province. Materials and Methods: The study design was a case-control included 125 T1DM patients, 66 (52.8%) of them were males and 59 (47.2%) females, and another100 subjects of apparently healthy children, 57 (57%) of them were males and 43 (43%) were females randomly recruited from the kerbala province of Iraq as control group. Both T1DM and control groups have the same age ranged between (1-15) years. The data collected during Oct., 2017 to Sep., 2018. Five mL of blood sample from each case was taken to perform various molecular and biochemical investigations. Typing of HLA was performed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific priming (PCR-SSP). Results: The frequency of DQB1*0201 in T1DM patients were (72%) and apparently healthy control were (37%). Significant results (P value ? 0.01) obtained between mean of age and DQB1*0201 allele. Conclusion: The allele of HLA gene (DQB1*0201) was highly affect T1DM pathogenesis. Highly significant correlation between mean of patients age with allele HLA gene (DQB1*0201) polymorphism.