Abstract

Dr. Fadhil Jawad Al-Tu'ma*, Dhuha Haddawi Al-Safah and Jawad Fadhil Al-Tu’ma

ABSTRACT

Background: Obesity is increasingly common among Iraqi individuals and shows a significant burden on public health, social and economic development. Environmental and genetic factors are both prominent mechanisms in the pathogenesis of obesity. The understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease is essential to improve the plan of management. Fat Mass and obesity Associated Gene is one of the factors to development obesity where it?s located in chromosome 16. SNP were selected in the current study to see its association with obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aim: To detect the effects of obesity of type 2 diabetes mellitus on each of insulin resistance and HbA1c levels and its association with Fat Mass and Obesity associated (FTO) rs9939609 variant T2DM of Iraqi population. Materials and Methods: This across-sectional study in which FTO gene variant rs9939609 was genotyping in a total 180 male subjects, 92 subjects of them were obese with T2DM and the other 88 subjects were obese without T2DM during Nov., 2017 to Sep., 2018 and both age were matched between the range 40-70 years. The patient?s group was enrolled from Al-Husain medical city in Kerbala province based on WHO guidelines of T2DM. Body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, HbA1c, insulin level and HOMA-IR were measured; DNA was extracted from whole blood and genotyped by using ARMS–PCR technique with using specific primers. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to compare the proportions of genotypes or alleles. The odds ratio, t-test, and P-value at 95% confidence interval (CI) were measured. Also in the present study, the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium was tested. Results: The results show that each of BMI and HDL-C have a significant association with FTO gene SNP (rs9939609), but no other associations with other parameters in obese diabetic patients group, p= 0.001. The results also showed there are no significant differences between the SNP rs9939609 in the FTO gene and T2DM and there was no any significant association between FTO rs9939609 common variant and insulin level, HOMA-IR. The mean of fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin level, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C and HbA1c are higher in individuals with genotype (AA) and (AT) compared to those with genotype (TT), and the genotyping results of rs9939609 was consistent with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in obese T2DM (P = 0.102), but in obese without T2DM individuals was deviated (P = 0.003). Minor allele frequency (A) was 0.53 higher in T2DM when compared with non T2DM group. Conclusion: The BMI and HDL-C have a significant association FTO gene polymorphism rs9939609 in obese diabetic Iraqi male and non-association between insulin level and HOMA-IR with variant of FTO gene SNP studies.