Abstract

Fadhil Jawad Al-Tu'ma*, Doaa Esam Al-Laithi and Hayder Ali Mohammed

ABSTRACT

Background: Diabetes mellitus viewed as a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms which occur all in response to hyperglycemia that arises as a consequence to the disease pathology in which insulin secretion or action or both are defective. The fact that increased cellular resistance to insulin may be the causative factor to develop DM is considerable. The disease is associated with different types of complication that is attributed to morbidity and mortality. Transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1), a pleiotropic cytokine, is a key player in immune regulation and plays an important role in the activation of inflammation and the resolution of inflammatory responses in a variety of autoimmune diseases and its levels was elevated in hyperglycemia. Objective: The aim of the presented study is to estimate the associations between transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-?1) gene polymorphism located in the chromosome 19q13.1–13.3 by (ARMS-PCR) with type 2 diabetes mellitus disease in patient of Kerbala population: Iraq. Materials and Methods: A case control study was performed on 200 male and female subjects, 100 of them with type 2 diabetes and 100 of them were apparently healthy as control group with matched are range between 45- 65 years at disease onset, and the mean duration of diabetes was 9.13±5.24 years. Blood samples were collected between Dec., 2017 to Oct., 2018. Gene polymorphism was genotyped by using tetra-primer ARMS–PCR procedure, HbA1c and fasting blood sugar was measured in patients and control groups. The odds ratio, t-test, and P-value at 95% confidence interval (CI) were measured, and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested. Results: The frequencies of the alleles and genotypes for diabetic patient were as follows: 0.49 for TT, 0.44 for TC and 0.07 for CC, and 0.71 for TGF-?1 (T) and 0.29 TGF-?1 (C) and control: 0.69 for TT, 0.27 for TC and 0.04 for CC ,and 0.82 for TGF-?1(T) and 0.17 TGF-?1 (C). This preliminary study indicated that TGF-?1 T869C (codon 10) C allele, and C allele-containing genotypes may be susceptible, and the T allele / TT genotype may be protective factors for T2DM. In order to confirm the results obtained it would be advisable to conduct studies in a larger group of Iraqi population. Conclusion: Tetra primer-ARMS PCR technique which developed in our study an effective, robust assay and time saving for genotyping(T/C) of TGF?1 gene, Our results were concluded TGF?1T869C (codon 10) C allele, and C allele-containing genotypes could increase the risk of T2D,. In order to confirm the results obtained it would be advisable to conduct studies in a larger group of Iraqi population.