Abstract

Dr. Yasir A.H. Hakim*, Dr. A. A. Abbas, Dr. Yasir Mohamed Abdelrahim

ABSTRACT

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a disorder of energy utilization and storage, diagnosed by a co-occurrence of three out of five of the following medical conditions: abdominal (central) obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density cholesterol levels. This study was to review the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Sudanese type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: The study included 80 Sudanese patients; half of them with type 2 diabetes mellitus (cases) and the rest are non-diabetics (control group). Cases and controls blood pressure, abdominal circumference and body mass index were reported. Venous blood samples were taken from all after at least 10 hours fasting for determination of serum level of cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. Glucose level and HbA1c were also measured. Cases and controls were compared in all measures above looking for the differences. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to criteria of national cholesterol education program. Result: In cases fasting blood glucose, waist circumference, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, blood pressure were found to be 87.5% (35 cases), 130% (52 cases), 64.5% (28 cases), 77.5% (31 cases), 50% (20 cases), 32.5% (17 cases), 62.5% (25 cases) respectively. In control group, fasting blood glucose, waist circumference, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, blood pressure were found to be 100% (40 cases), 150% (59 cases), 100% (40 cases), 100% (40 cases), 100% (40 cases), 100% (40 cases), 95% ( cases ), 100% (40 cases) respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the frequency of the metabolic syndrome was found significantly high in type 2 diabetic patients based in cases compared to non-diabetic control group. The study showed that, the metabolic syndrome was high in type 2 diabetic patients particularly in females (60%) which represent in (22 cases) plus 7 cases with no metabolic syndrome compared to males. In males, the metabolic syndrome occurred in 4 patients and with no metabolic syndrome in 7 patients out of 40% compared to normal control group. The serum level of HDL in female patients was 23(57.5%) which was less than 50 mg/dl, which was poor. The HDL level was lower in females 23(57%) than males 12 (30%) that’s indicated increased level of lipid profile and this can lead to cardiovascular and coronary artery disease as result of thermogenic dyslipidemia.