Abstract

*A. Manoj and Annamma Paul

ABSTRACT

The objective of the current study was to learn the development of liver inorder to strengthen the Gross Anatomy and Microsopic Anatomy studies of liver and also ascertain the congenital anomalies of liver due to disturbance in its organogenesis. Hepatogenesis commence at Fourth week of Intrauterine life by proliferation of endodermal diverticulam at the ventral aspect of the junction between Foregut and mid gut into the septum transversum where it divides into Pars Hepatica and Pars Cystica forms liver and gall bladder respectively. On seventh week of fetal development Pars hepatica differentiates into clusters of liver parenchyma in which billiary capillaries emerges for delivery of its secretions. The trunk of hepatic buds persists as common bile duct and its two branches were right and left hepatic ducts. Haemopoeitic cells, Kuffer cells, Capsule and fibroareolar tissue derived from mesoderm of septum transversum. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) secreted by cardiac mesoderm induces the development of hepatic bud which generates hepatoblasts, intending the formation of hepatocytes. Pars cystica and its duct give rise to gall bladder and its ducts. The stalk of endodermal diverticulam connected to foregut forms the common bile duct. Umbilical and Vitelline veins of sinus venosus grows into septum transversum which breaks into capillary network eventually forms hepatic sinusoids between the plates of liver cells. The abnormal development of liver leads to absence of left lobe of liver, Reidel’s lobe, Supradiaphagmatic liver, ectopic lobes of liver etc.