Abstract

*Dr. Raghuveer Vasantrao Bhosle, Stalin Kampelly, Avinash Gottumukkala and SaiKrishna Vuppala

ABSTRACT

Diabetes is a lifelong problem, and the incidence of diabetic foot complications increases with age and duration of the disease. Infection, gangrene, ulceration, amputation are significant complications of the disease. One of the most common complications of diabetes in the lower extremity is the diabetic foot ulcer. An estimated 15% of patients with diabetes will develop a lower extremity ulcer during the course of their disease. Charcot foot, can lead to limb-threatening disorders, is one of the serious complication of long-standing diabetes. These complications frequently result in high morbidity, repeated hospitalizations, and mortality. Risk factors identified include peripheral neuropathy, vascular disorders, limitation in joint mobility, deformities of foot, change in foot pressures, minor trauma, a history of ulceration or amputation, and impaired visual acuity. Diabetic foot infections are frequently polymicrobial in nature. Hyperglycemia, impaired immunologic responses, neuropathy, and peripheral arterial disease are the major predisposing factors leading to limb-threatening diabetic foot infections. Not all foot complications can be prevented, dramatic reductions in frequently have been achieved by taking a multidisciplinary approach to patients. The emulation of the diabetic foot involves careful assimilation of the patient’s history and physical findings with the results of necessary diagnostic procedures. Early detection of foot pathology, especially in high risk patients, can lead to earlier intervention and thereby reduce the potential for hospitalization and amputation. Amputation of the foot may be indicated when neuropathy, vascular disease, and ulcerative deformity have led to soft tissues necrosis, osteomyelitis, uncontrollable infection or intractable pain. Local treatment of the ulcer consists of repeated debridement and dressing. Simple surgeries like split skin grafting or minor toe amputations.