Abstract

Ashwini B. Bodkhe, Pooja S. Murkute* and Dr. Gajanan S. Sanap

ABSTRACT

Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and acquisition of metastatic properties. Tumors can be either benign (non cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Four types of cancer involved like as Carcinoma, Sarcoma, Lymphoma, Leukemia and Myeloma. Acquired mutation and germline mutation is basic type of gene mutation. Many of the genes that involve into cancer development can be divided into several categories like tumor suppressor gene like p53 and BRCA1, oncogene like HER2 and RAS family gene. DNA repair genes mutation can be inherited or acquired. An example of the inherited form is Lynch syndrome. BRCA1, BRCA2 and p53 mutations and their associated syndromes are also inherited. Genomic information about cancer is leading to improve diagnoses and treatment plans that are tailored to patients’ tumors, an approach called precision medicine. Two kinds of cancer variants are inherited variants and acquired variants. Transformation of normal cell into cancer cell in the multi-step process called as multi-step carcinogenesis. The phases of carcinogenesis included Initiation, Promotion, Progression, Metastasis. A cancer is linked to an increased risk of common mental disorders, which could have a negative impact on quality of life and survival.