Abstract

Muhzina Rahim* and Sini S. G.

ABSTRACT

Osteochondroma is a benign tumour that appears in childhood or adolescence. Aberrant growth occur in the surface of a bone close to the growth plate. It affects the shoulder blade, the pelvis, or the long bones of the leg. Although rare, spinal osteochondromas can happen. One pathognomonic characteristic that confirms the diagnosis is the presence of cortical and medullary continuity between the tumour and the underlying bone. The most frequent type of benign bone tumour is osteochondroma. It can occur as solitary or multiple. Most solitary osteochondromas are caused by mutations in a single gene called EXT-1, which promotes the growth of the cartilage cap and the synthesis of bone. Multiple osteochondromas are a frequent side effect of growing up, as the alterations in the EXT-1 and EXT-2 genes linked to multiple hereditary exostosis. Approximately 20-50% of benign bone tumours and 9 % of all bone tumours are osteochondromas. However, In both condition solitary and multiple osteochondroma, malignant transition from osteochondroma to osteosarcoma is conceivable. However, the majority of them don't cause any symptoms, but depending on the location and size, they can produce mechanical symptoms such as hard palpable lump (most common), nerve compression, vascular compression, bursal formation, bursitis, osteoarthritis from secondary joint deformity, fracture post-trauma. Mostly treatment for the majority of osteochondromas is observation alone, as they are accidental discoveries. They can be disregarded if they are asymptomatic. As of right now, osteochondroma has no recognised medical treatment. For symptomatic lesions, excision is the preferred course of treatment. The patient can typically resume activities as tolerated in cases of osteochondromas.