Abstract

Prasad Mahale*, Chaudhari Chetan Sanjay, Gavit Pooja Jayant, Sonawane Jayesh Bhaurao, Vasave Jyoti Darasingh, Prof. Pagare Ashwini Dadaji

ABSTRACT

HIV virus was first identified in humans in 1959 which was transferred from chimpanzees to human during hunting. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus - HIV is responsible for causing Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome – AIDS. This virus also affects millions of people in the whole world, generating large global impact. It is a member of the lentivirus family of animal retrovirus and has an affinity for defense cells of the body, which the main target is the CD4 + T lymphocytes. Once connected to a component of this cell, the HIV will penetrate it and multiply, destroying them, by weakening the immune system, making it fragile and susceptible to opportunistic diseases. There are two known types of HIV, which are deeply related, named as HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the main cause of AIDS, HIV-2 differs in genomic structure and antigenicity, also causes the disease, but with slower progression. AIDS is the clinical manifestation generated by HIV, once the immune system is compromised. It is estimated that, in Brazil, 718 000 people living with HIV / AIDS. There is, currently, no effective vaccine or cure for AIDS, however effective antiretroviral therapies have been used. Through this literature review the paper aimed to show on the HIV virus, its general features, its immunological changes, the national level of this epidemiology, the diagnosis and treatment, warning about the importance of this infectious agent and its prevention, towards control and reduction to the AIDS epidemic. condom use one of the main prevention means1,2,5, vertical transmission is also a form of contagion, where there is transfer of the mother's virus to her child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding6.