Abstract

*Ikimi C. G. and Addy P. S.

ABSTRACT

This study centers on estimating the levels/concentrations of selected heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb and Ni) in land snails (Achatina fulica) obtained from Okolobiri and Odi communities both in Bayelsa state, Nigeria in other to assess the pollution status of the environment. The principal objective of this research was to determine the levels of heavy metal (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb and Ni) contamination in land snails from Odi and Okolobiri, draw comparisons between there quantities in both locations, evaluate the toxicity risks associated with consumption of contaminated land snails sourced from Okolobiri using the levels of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb and Ni as indicators, and also to determine the association between petroleum activities and food pollution in these areas. The heavy metal, constituents of the samples were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Each sample was analyzed in triplicate and the mean calculated, thereafter the mean of all 3 samples were calculated. The results were expressed as mean ± std. Statistical analysis was performed on the data generated from the study using Microsoft Excel and SSPS software (version 18.10). Independent sample t-test was used to compare differences in the mean result of different sample groups and Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between individual parameters. The results obtained shows a clear indication in the differences in heavy metals concentrations, with Okolobiri exhibiting consequentially higher levels of heavy metals compared to Odi. Statistical analysis confirms that the dissimilarities between these two locations are statistically significant. The strong positive correlation observed amongst the parameters within each location emphasizes a common source of contamination. In the same vein, the significant negative correlation between parameters in the control and test locations emphasizes the immense negative effect of petroleum contamination of the environment and most especially on food materials. It is therefore peremptory and mandatory to address the environmental and health concerns resulting from petroleum, and petroleum- related pollution in these regions. This study emphasizes the need for the establishment of firm legislations and improvements on the existing environmental legislations towards averting the impending dangers of petroleum pollution to human lives and the environment.