Abstract

Phanice T. Wangila*

ABSTRACT

Antibiotic contamination in Kenyan water bodies poses significant threats to ecosystem health and public well-being. A review of 21 studies found that at least 14 types of antibiotics, particularly sulfonamides, are commonly detected. Concentrations are higher in heavily populated areas like Nairobi and in wastewater treatment plants. The presence of antibiotic-resistant genes is a concern, posing ecological and public health risks. Sediments and wastewater treatment plants are critical hot spots for antibiotic accumulation. Effective management strategies are needed to mitigate contamination and protect aquatic ecosystems and human health. Key areas for future research include the long-term ecological impacts and the effectiveness of current wastewater treatment interventions. The review emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive understanding and management of antibiotic pollution in Kenyan aquatic ecosystems. By addressing this issue, it is possible to safeguard both environmental integrity and public health. The presence of antibiotic-resistant genes highlights the need for effective management strategies to mitigate contamination and protect human health.